Brush and method of making the same



April 27, 1937- E. B, WRIGHT, JR.. er AL 2,078,358

BRUSH AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed July 29, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet l30 mun/uhmm l 1 lill INVENTOR ATTORNEY April 27, 1937. E. B. WRIGHT.JR.. Er AL 2,078,358

METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed July ze, 1933 2 sheets-sheet 2 WWWW WWWWWW WWW WWWW WWW WWWWWW WW W WW WW Patented Apr. 27, 1931 UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE Ernest B. Wright, Jr., Montclair, and George N. Jacob,Jr., Belleville, N. J.

Application July 29, 1933, Serial No. l682,736

l2 Claims.

This invention relates to brushes and methods oi' manufacturing thesame. and aims generally to provide a durable high grade brush oi goodappearance made by a simple and inexpensive method which does notrequire the use of special molds.

The production at reasonable cost ofY good brushes having tufts ofsingle length bristles has been a long recognised want in the brushindustry,

and many eorts have been made to meet this want. The methods and meansheretofore employed for anchoring the bristles in the face portion ofthe brush body have, however, been either comparatively costly orunsatisfactory in results.

l5 I'he present invention provides an improved brush in which tufts ofsingle length bristles and the individual bristles of each tuft aresecurely held, and a method of manufacturing such brushes atcomparatively low cost in respect to equipment, labor and materials.

The invention comprises a brush having spaced tufts of bristles the endsof which are embedded in a layer of solidified binding material whichforms the face of the brush body. the bristles of each embedded tuft endextending in the general direction of the length of the tuft but beingspaced apart, and the binding material extending into the embedded endsof the tufts between individual bristles thereof so that the bristles.'10 are individually gripped by the binding material and each embeddedtuft end is securely anchored in the facing layer of binding material;and a method wherein the bristle tufts are positioned in desired spacedarrangement and constricted at a point spaced from their inner ends adistance substantially greater than the depth to which the ends of thetufts are to be embedded in the binding material, and while the tuftsare so relatively positioned and constricted, the inner ends of thetufts are immersed in a layer of liquid binding material which. whilethe tuft ends are held in position therein, is solidified to form thefacing layer of the brush. Constricting the tufts at a 4,-, point spacedfrom their inner ends a distance greater than the depth to which theends of the tufts are to be embedded in the binding material causes thebristles of these end portions of the tufts to diverge so as to bespaced apart for a 50 distance from their ends greater than the depth towhich they are to be embedded in the layer of binding material. and thusaffords opportunity for the binding material to enter and grip theindividual bristles. Other features of the brush 55 and of the methodare described hereinafter and (Cl. 3D0-21) the invention is particularlypointed out in the claims.

The invention in its broader aspect is not limited to brushes having thebristles arranged in spaced tufts, but includes on its product side, and5 the method extends to the making of, brushes in which the bristles arearranged in spaced rows or other groups or assemblages.

The steps of the method can be carried out by the use of relativelyunskilled labor, and the l0 brushes can be produced in large quantitiesat a minimum of expense for equipment, and particularly without anysubstantial outlay for special equipment which cannot be used forgeneral purposes in a brush making factory. No pressure 15 moldingdevices or closed molds are needed.

In the accompanying drawings:-

Fig. 1 represents diagrammatically a jouncing machine and hopperarrangement for accomplishing the insertion of the bristles incontrolled 2n form into a template:

Fig. 2 represents the Jouncing machine and hopper shown in Fig. l asrearranged to separate out loose bristles from between the tufts;

Fig. 3 illustrates the template with inserted as bristle tufts;

Fig. 4 is a view in section showing an assembly of a back or ller blockwith a shell or casing member to form a sink or well in which a rubbercomposition solution or other suitable binder ma- 30 terial is depositedin liquid condition:

Fig. 5 shows the manner of arranging the assembly shown in Fig. 3 withthe assembly shown in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a view of a finished brush; 35

Fig. 'l is a fragmentary view in cross-section of the brush,illustrating the character of union between the bristles and the facinglayer of the brush;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken on line l--B 40 of Fig. 9 showingbristles held and constricted as they may be for making a brush of whichthe bristles are arranged in spaced rows;

Fig. 9 is a section taken on line 8 9 of Fig. 8 and showing the rootends of the bristles inserted in the layer of binding material of thebrush body and indicating by dotted lines the position taken by thebristles when the constricting means is removed; and

Fig. 10 shows a template which may be used 50 in making a brush such asillustrated by Fig. 9.

The drawings show a paint stippling brush of preferred form according tothe invention. Referring especially to Figs. 5, 6 and 7, the brush bodycomprises a back or filler block I8. which for lightness is preferablymade of a light wood such as balsa wood, a facing layer II of solidifiedbinding material, and, in the particular construction shown, a shell orcasing I2 of metal or other suitable material, which covers the back andedges of the filler block In and the edges of the facing layer H. Theshell i2 may be cast or otherwise formed, and may have a narrow inwardlyextending flange I3 at its edge which in the completed brush extendsslightly over the surface of the facing layer Ii. The facing layer Ilis, as hereinafter explained, solidified in place and becomes therebysuitably adherent to the face of the illler block I0, or it may itselfentirely illl the metal shell or casing as in the brush shown in Fig. 9.Additional means, such as the screws commonly employed for securing faceplates of brushes, may be resorted to for more firmly securing thefacing layer, but the use of such additional means is not necessary whenthe brush body comprises a shell or casing as in the construction shown.

The embedded end, or root, portions of the tufts most desirably extendcompletely through the facing layer Il and abut against the filler blockil), and the bristles of each embedded tuft root portion are spacedapart for their whole embedded length, and binding material extends intothe embedded ends of the tufts between individual bristles thereof, sothat. as stated. the bristles are individually gripped by the bindingmaterial and each embedded tuft end is securely anchored in the facinglayer. In addition to being so spaced apart, the bristles of theembedded tuft ends diverge slightly from the outer surface of the facinglayer inward. This affords additional security in the anchoring of thetufts in the facing layer. The filler block and the extending sideportion of the casing form a sink or well Il in which the bindingmaterial is solidined to form the facing layer Il as hereinafterdescribed.

In making a brush in accordance with the method of the invention and asnow considered best, the procedure is as follows:-The required number oftufts of single length bristles, that is. bristles of the length of thetufts. are formed and arranged in the spaced relation which they are tohave in the brush, and each tuft is tightly gripped, or constricted, ata point spaced from its inner end a. distance substantially greater thanthe depth to which that end of the tuft is to be embedded in the facinglayer of the brush body. This is accomplished most desirably by fillingthe bristles into a perforated tuft holding plate, or template, havingperforations of a size to hold tightly tufts of the desired size andspaced and arranged according to the desired spacing and arrangement ofthe tufts in the completed brush. The template may be a comparativelythin plate. as shown at i5 in Figs. 3 and 5, of metal or other suitablerigid material. A metal plate of about one-quarter inch thickness hasbeen found suitable. The tuft-forming bristles may be grouped andentered into the perforations of the template in any suitable manner,but the bristles should be packed tightly in the perforations and thetufts should extend through the plate a uniform distance substantiallygreater than the depth to which the ends of the tufts are to be embeddedin the facing layer of the brush body. The bristles being tightly packedin the perforations of the template and thiis constricted. the extendingend portions of the tufts will expand and take an outwardly flaringform, so that the bristles of each tuft root end portion will be spacedapart for a distance from their ends greater than the depth to whichthey are to be immersed in the binding material.

The template or tuft holder l5 is most conveniently filled by thewell-known jouncing method. For this purpose a jouncing machine such asindicated by Fig. 1 may be used. The template i5 is positioned at thebottom of a hopper i6 set on spacing blocks i1 on the jouncing table ilof the machine and held in position by dowel pins i8, the template beingspaced from the top of the table a distance equal to the length to whichit is desired that the bristle tufts shall project through the template.I'he jouncing of the table IB is effected by an eccentric 20 on arotating shaft 2|, the eccentric giving an up and down movement to aplate 22 which is guided by the legs 22 of a stationary table 24. Thejouncing table Il is normally supported on the stationary table 24 bymeans of shouldered tappets 25, reduced lower ends of which extendthrough openings in the table 2l and project beneath the table to beengaged by an adjustable jouncing bar 26 carried by the plate 22, sothat when the shaft 2i rotates the iouncing bar 26 will engage thetappets 2l at each reciprocation and thereby iounce the table I2. Thebristles are placed in the hopper standing vertically so that they maybe iounced into and through the perforations in the template. Thejounclng operation is carried on for several minutes or until theperforations of the template become tightly packed with the bristles,which will extend through the template to a uniform extent determined bythe distance that the template is set above the top of the jouncingtable I2.

After the tufts have been thus formed of bristies packed tightly in. theperforations of the template. the hopper and template are lifted fromthe Jouncing table, and the assembled template and hopper may then beinverted and placed on the same or another jouncing mechanism andlightly jounced to free the tufts projecting into the hopper froml themass of loose bristles which have been left between the tufts. Mostdesirably, before this second jouncing operation the ends of the shorterprojecting outwardly daring portions 20 of the tufts are immersed in orbathed with a suitable solidiflabie adhesive or binding material such asa suitable rubber cement or bakelite cement to hold the ends of thebristles spaced apart and thereby insure against loss or displacement ofindividual bristles and minimize movement of the tufts in the templatein the second jouncing operation. 'Ihe particular material used willdepend on the binding material used for the main portion of the facinglayer of the brush.

The template is most desirably counter-sunk at the entrance side of itsperforations. as indicated at 2l, thereby facilitating the introductionof the bristles into the perforations. inasmuch as the template does notbecome part of the completed brush, such counter-sinking is notobjectionable as it would be if the perforated plate were to become theface of the brush. When the plate serves as the face of the brush, it isundesirable for sanitary reasons to have its perforations counter-sunk.as dirt lodged around the base of the bristles is not then readilyremoved. In the brush of the present invention, of which the templateforms no part, the facing layer of binding material has a clean, smoothsurface which dts closely against and around the base of the tufts.

A brush body minus its facing layer having been positioned back sidedown, the open sink or well in its face portion is then nearly filledwith solidiflable liquid binding material as indicated at 3| in Fig. 4.The binding material used should be a solidiflable liquid of low surfacetension which will wet the bristles. We have found it most desirable touse a vulcanizable solution of rubber of the kind known commercially asplastic rubber cement and which, as we understand, consists of rubberwith suitable amounts of sulphur and an accelerator, in a solvent theboiling point of which is higher than the vulcanizing temperature of thesolution. Such a solution is at normal atmospheric temperatures about asfluid as thin molasses, and when subjected to heat of about 240 F. firstbecomes very fluid and then hardens without disturbing ebullition andwithout noticeable loss of volume provided it is not subjected to thevulcanizing heat for too long a period. Other materials which willsolidify without disturbing ebullition may be used, and we have foundespecially suitable a solution of an artificial resin of the bakelitetype such as the material known as bakelite brush cement.

The template carrying the bristle tufts is brought into position overthe layer of liquid rubber solution and moved downward to cause thedownwardly extending root ends of the tufts to enter and be immersed inthe rubber solution until they strike against the upper surface 32 ofthe filler block I0. They are then allowed to rest in this position withthe weight of the template borne by the bristles the ends of which reston the filler block. The rubber solution penetrates between theindividual bristles of the immersed tuft epd portions, and because ofits low surface tension and ability to wet the bristles, the solutionnot only readily enters and fills the spaces between the bristles of thetuft ends but it also rises slightly within each tuft, forming a taperedoutwardly curving shoulder 33 about each tuft, which is of advantage inthat it gives a more secure anchoring of the tuft in the facing layer ofthe brush and also facilitates cleaning of the brush.

The rubber solution is introduced into the sink of the brush body inmeasured quantity gauged to allow for displacement resulting from theimmersion of the ends of the tufts, so that when the tuft ends have beenimmersed the level of the solution will be brought to the desired pointon the side of the body shell I2. Instead of first filling the liquidbinding material into the sink of the brush body and then moving theends of the assembled tufts down into the liquid, the assembled tuftsmight obviously be placed with their ends resting on the bottom of thesink and the binding material thereafter poured into the sink. In bothprocedures the tuft ends may be considered as being immersed in theliquid binding material, and the term immerse is used in the claims withthis understanding.

Because of the length of the tuft ends extendf ing downward from thetemplate, the template does not come into contact with the rubbersolution or other solidiiiable liquid binding material. Adhesion of thetemplate to the face of the brush is thus avoided so that it is free tobe stripped oi from the bristles of the completed brush. In addition,the weight of the template borne by the immersed bristles serves tomaintain the tuft ends in the desired position in the liquid layer andwith respect to the brush body. The resulting pressing of the immersedbristle ends against the surface of the filling block, which will bemore or less according to the weight of the template, is also ofadvantage in that it tends to emphasize, or at least maintain, the flareor spread condition of the immersed root ends of the tufts which hasresulted from the tight packing of the bristles of each tuft into aperforation of the template and the consequent constriction of the tuftat a point distant from its root end greater than the depth to which theend is immersed in the liquid.

If adhesive material is, as stated, applied to the root end of the tuftsbefore the second jouncing operation, the material used is desirably butnot necessarily one which will dissolve quickly in the liquid bindingmaterial of the surface layer. If a solution is used, it should have areadily volatile solvent so that it will set quickly, and in such case,the tuft ends should not be immersed in the facing layer bindingmaterial until the solvent of the adhesive material has been allowed toevaporate. Most desirably, and especially if the adhesive material isnot readily soluble in the binding material, the adhesive material isapplied only to the extreme ends of the bristles, so that a considerableportion of the immersed length of the spaced bristles is left free forpenetration of the liquid binding material of the surface layer. If, forexample, the surface layer is to be approximately 1A" thick, theadhesive applied to the ends of the tufts should best not extend morethan approximately one-third of that distance from the extreme ends ofthe bristles. Even though the adhesive material is not readily solublein the binding material, any undissolved adhesive material will besecurely embedded in and bound to the surrounding material of thesolidified facing layer.

After the bristles and the brush body have been thus assembled with thetuft root ends immersed in the liquid facing layer and abutted againstthe filling block, and while the tufts are so held, the facing layer issolidied either by letting it stand a sufficient time or by subjectingit to some influence, as determined by the kind of binding materialused. If the material is a vulcanizable rubber solution, the assembly ispreferably allowed to stand for several hours, usually about 6 hours, ormore, with the rubber solution referred to, to allow for the escape ofpocketed air carried into the rubber solution by the tuft roots. Theassembled brush body and bristles are then placed in a vulcanizingchamber and heat-treated for a suitable period, usually, when using therubber composition referred to, for about 12 hours at a temperature ofabout 240 F. After removal of the brush from the vulcanizing chamber,the template I5 is removed by withdrawing it over the free ends of thetufts, and the brush is thereafter given any desired finishingoperations, such as trimming the outer ends of the tufts to desired formby means of a suitable cutter.

If the brush body does not have a metal or other shell or casing, othermeans are provided to serve as side walls extending above the surface ofthe body block to form a sink or open mold for holding the liquidbinding material, o1' a complete open mold no part of which is to formany part of the brush body may be used to form a facing layer with thebristle tufts anchored therein, which may subsequently be attached to abrush back or body piece in any suitable manner.

The spacing of the bristles in the individual tufts at the surface ofthe facing layer has the effect of increasing the spread of the tufts attheir spaced rows by the usual hand method.

outer ends. Because of this, a desired spreading of the tufts andspacing of the bristles at the working face of the brush may be obtainedwith the use of shorter or stiffer bristles than when the bristles areclosely held together at the surface of the body facing layer, and afurther advantage resulting from such spacing of the bristles at thesurface of the facing layer is that, without changing the spacing of thetufts or the size of the tufts or the length or stiffness of thebristles, the character of the brush with respect to the distribution ofthe bristles at the working face of the brush may be varied merely byvarying the length to which the inner ends of the tufts are caused toextend beyond the template at the time that the tuft ends are immersedin the binding material and thereby varying the degree of spacing of thebristles at the surface of the body facing layer. The shorter the tuftends and the closer the template comes to the layer of binding material,the less will the bristles be spaced at the surface of the facing layer,and the less the bristles are spaced at the surface of the facing layerthe tighter, or less spread, will the tufts be at their outer ends; andthe longer the tuft ends and the farther the template stands off fromthe layer of binding material, the more the tufts will tend to spread attheir outer ends because of the greater spacing of the bristles at thesurface of the facing layer. These additional advantages of the newmethod and the product thereof are of great practical importance.

While the greatest advantage of the invention is obtained when thebristles are arranged in spaced tufts, since the ends of the tufts heldand constricted as described are free to expand in all lateraldirections, yet much advantage results from use of the new method inmaking brushes in which the tufts are arranged in spaced rows or otherspaced arrangement even though when arranged in rows the bristlesextending below the holding and constricting means are free to spreadonly transversely to the length of the row.

Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate the making of a. brush in which the bristlesare arranged in spaced rows. As shown, the bristles are arranged in fourrows 40 and are constricted and held in the desired arrangement byspacing bars 4| between the rows and an encircling band I2. When it isdesired that the openings between the rows of bristles shall be closedat the ends of the brush, the bristles may be arranged to extend aboutthe ends of the bars Il within the band I2, as shown by Fig. 8. Thebristles may be so arranged in In so arranging the bristles a.sufficient quantity should be used so that when enclosed by the band I2the bristles will be packed fairly tightly between the bars and betweenthe outer bars and the band.

The bars and band, or other bristle-holding means, are positioned at asuitable distance from the butt, or root, end of the bristles greaterthan the distance to which the root end portions are to be inserted inthe binding material, so that the bristles at and near the root endsthereof will spread and be spaced somewhat apart transversely to thelength of the row. The thus spread root ends of the bristles are then.as in making a brush with spaced tufts as before described, immersed ina layer of solidiable liquid binding material such as hereinbeforedescribed, and after the binding material has penetrated into theimmersed portions of the rows of bristles between the spaced bristlesthereof, the binding material is solidified, as by vulcanizing when avulcanizable binding material is used, and thereafter thebristle-holding and constricting means is removed. The bristles on beingrelieved from the constraint of the holding means will spread somewhat,as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 9.

As shown by Fig. 9, the body of the brush has no filling block as inFig. 5, but is composed merely of the layer of binding material Ilafilled into a metal shell I2a. The shell I2a may be provided with asuitable number of inwardly projecting studs 43 to be embedded in thebinding material Ila so as to insure a strong connection between thelayer or body of binding material and the casing.

Instead of following the hand method of arranging the bristles in spacedrows and holding them by means of spacing bars and a dummy band asillustrated by Figs. 8 and 9, the bristles may be jounced into asuitable template, such, for example, as the template lia shown by Fig.10.

What is claimed is:

l. A brush, comprising a plurality of tufts of single length bristles,and a body having a tuftholding layer of solidified binding materialwhich forms the face of the body and in which the root end portions ofthe tufts are embedded and by which they are held, the emlbedded rootportion of the bristles of each tuft extending in the general directionof the length of the tuft and the bristles of each tuft being spacedapart at the surface of and within the facing layer, and

the binding material extending into said root portions betweenindividual bristles thereof and the surface of the facing layer curvingoutwardly about the tufts, whereby the bristles are individually grippedby the binding material and each root portion as a whole is securelyanchored in the facing layer.

2. A brush, comprising a plurality of tufts of single length bristles,and a body having a tuftholding layer of vulcanized rubber compositionwhich forms the face of the body and in which the root end portions ofthe tufts are embedded and by which they are held, the embedded rootportion of the bristles of each tuft extending in the general directionof the length of the tuft and the bristles of each tuft being spacedapart at the surface of the facing layer and diverging from the surfaceof the facing layer inward, and the rubber composition extending intosaid root portions between individual bristles thereof and the surfaceof the facing layer curving outwardly about the tufts, whereby thebristles are individually gripped by the rubber composition and eachroot portion as a whole is anchored in the facing layer.

3. A brush, comprising a plurality of tufts of single length bristles,and a body portion having a filler block and an enclosing shell the edgeportion of which extends beyond the block and a tuft-holding layer ofsolidified binding material within the extending edge portion of theshell and which forms the face of the body, the root end portions of thetufts being embedded in said facing layer and being held thereby, theembedded root portion of the bristles of each tuft extending in thegeneral direction of the length of the tuft and the bristles of eachtuft being spaced apart at the surface of the facing layer and divergingfrom the surface of the facing layer inward, and the binding materialextending into said root portions between individual bristles thereofand the surface of the facing layer curving outwardly about the tufts.

4. A brush, comprising a plurality of spaced assemblages of singlelength bristles, and a body having a bristle holding layer of solidiedbinding material which forms the face oi the body and in which the rootend portions oi the bristles are embedded and by which they are held,the embedded root portions of the bristles extending in the generaldirection of the free portions of the bristles and the bristles of eachassemblage being spaced apart in at least one lateral direction at thesurface of the facing layer and diverging in at least one such lateraldirection from the surface of the facing layer inward, and the bindingmaterial extending into the root portions of the assemblages betweenindividual bristles thereof and the surface of the facing layer curvingoutwardly about the tufts, whereby the bristies are individually grippedby the binding material and the root portion of each assemblage as awhole is securely anchored in the facing layer.

5. A brush, comprising a plurality of spaced rows of single lengthbristles. and a body having a bristle-holding layer of solidifiedbinding material which forms the face of the body and in which the rootend portions of the bristles are embedded and by which they are held,the embedded root portion of the bristles of each row extending in thegeneral direction of the free portions of the bristles and the bristlesof each row being spaced apart transversely of the length' of the row atthe surface of the facing layer and diverging transversely of the lengthof the row from the surface of the facing layer inward, and the bindingmaterial extending into said root portions between individual bristlesthereof and the surface of the facing layer curving outwardly about therows of bristles, whereby the bristles are individually gripped by thebinding material and each root portion as a whole is securely anchoredin the facing layer.

6. The method of making a brush having spaced tufts of bristles the endsof which are embedded in solidified binding material forming the facinglayer of the brush, which comprises immersing the root end portions ofthe tufts in a layer of liquid binding material in an open face portionof the brush body, the liquid binding material being one which will wetthe bristles and which is solidiable by heat and the boiling point ofwhich is higher than the temperature by which the material issolidified, holding the bristles in position in the binding materialwith the bristles of each root portion extending downward in the generaldirection of the length of the tuft and diverging from the outer surfaceof the binding material inward, and after entrappedair has been allowedto escape from the liquid binding material solidifying the material bysubjecting it to heat.

7. The method oi' making a brush having spaced tufts of bristles theinner ends of which are embedded in solidined binding material, whichcomprises positioning the tufts in the desired spaced arrangement andconstricting them at a point spaced from their inner ends a distancesubstantially greater than the depth to which the ends are to beembedded in the binding material, whereby the bristles of the inner endportions of the tufts are caused to diverge and to be spaced apart for adistance from their ends greater than the depth to which they are to beembedded in the binding material, immersing the inner end portions ofthe tufts with their bristles thus spaced apart in a layer ofsolidiilable liquid binding material which will wet the bristles, andsolidifying the binding material after it has entered into the endportions of the tufts between the spaced bristles thereof.

8. The method of making a brush having spaced tufts of bristles theinner ends of which are embedded in a facing layer of solidified bindingmaterial, which comprises positioning the tufts in the desired spacedarrangement in a template whereby the tufts are constricted at a pointspaced from their inner ends a distance substantiaily greater than thedepth to which the ends are to be embedded in the binding material,whereby the bristles of the inner end portions of the tufts are causedto diverge and to be spaced apart for a distance from their ends greaterthan .the depth to which they are to be embedded in the bindingmaterial, immersing the inner end portions of the tufts with theirbristles thus spaced apart in a layer of a liquid binding material in anopen container, the liquid material being one which will wet thebristles and which is solidinable substantially without loss of volume,solidiiying the binding material while the tufts are held in position bythe weight of the template with their bristle ends resting on the bottomof the container, and thereafter removing the template.

9. The method of making a brush having spaced tufts of bristles theinner ends of which are embedded in a facing layer of solidified bindingmaterial, which comprises positioning the tufts in the desired spacedarrangement in a template whereby the tufts are constricted at a pointspaced from their inner ends and the bristies of the inner end portionsof the tufts are caused to diverge, immersing the inner end portions ofthe tufts with their bristles thus spaced apart in a layer of asolidiable liquid binding material in an open container by moving thetuft-carrying template downward to project the tuft ends into the liquidand against the bottom of the container, solidifying the bindingmaterial while the tufts are held in position by the weight of thetemplate with their bristle ends resting on the bottom of the container,and thereafter removing the template.

l0. The method of making a brush having spaced tufts oi bristles theinner ends of which are embedded in solidified binding material, whichcomprises positioning the tufts in the desired spaced arrangement in atemplate whereby the tufts are constricted at a point spaced from theirinner ends and the bristles of the nner end portions of the tufts arecaused to diverge, applying adhesive material to the ends of thebristles of the inner end portions oi the tufts, immersing the inner endportions of the tufts in a layer of a solidiable liquid binding materialwhich will wet the bristles, solidifying the binding material after ithas entered into the end portions of the tufts between the spacedbristles thereof above adhesive material on the ends of the bristles,and thereafter removing the template.

l1. The method of making a brush having spaced assemblages of bristlesthe inner ends of which are embedded in solidified binding material,which comprises positioning the bristles in the desired arrangement andholding and constricting them at a point spaced from their inner ends adistance greater than the depth to which the ends are to be embedded inthe binding material, whereby the inner. end portions of the bristles ofeach assemblage are caused to diverge substantially greater than thedepth to which and to be relatively loosely grouped, immersing the endsare tobe embedded in the binding mathe inner end portions of thebristles thus loosely terial, whereby the inner end Portions oi' thegrouped in a layer of solidiabie binding matebristles oi' each row arecaused to diverge trans- 5 rial which will wet the bristles, andsolidifying verseiy ot the length of the row. lmmersing the 6 thebinding material after it has entered between inner end portions oi' thebristles while the rows the end portions of the loosely groupedbristles. are thus held and oonstricted in a layer o! solid- 12. Themethod ot making a brush having iiiable binding material which will wetthe briaspaced rows of bristles the inner ends of which ties, andsolidiiying the binding material ai'ter i 10 are embedded in a facinglayer o! solidified bindit has entered into the immersed portions of thel0 l ing material, which comprises positioning the rows between thelaterally spaced bristles thereof.

bristles in the desired arrangement of spaced rows and holding andconstricting them at a ERNEST B. WRIGHT. Jl. point spaced from theirinner ends a distance GEORGE N. JACOB. Ja.

CERTIFICATE or CORRECTION, Patent No. 2,078,358. Apr-i1 27, 1937.

ERNEST B. WEIGHT, JE., Er AL.

It is hereby certi fied that error appears in the printed specificationof the above `numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5,first column. line 19, claim 4, for "tufts" read assemblages; `and thatthe said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein thatthe same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 29th day of June. A. D. 193'?.

Henry Van Arsdale (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

bristles of each assemblage are caused to diverge substantially greaterthan the depth to which and to be relatively loosely grouped, immersingthe ends are tobe embedded in the binding mathe inner end portions ofthe bristles thus loosely terial, whereby the inner end Portions oi' thegrouped in a layer of solidiabie binding matebristles oi' each row arecaused to diverge trans- 5 rial which will wet the bristles, andsolidifying verseiy ot the length of the row. lmmersing the 6 thebinding material after it has entered between inner end portions oi' thebristles while the rows the end portions of the loosely groupedbristles. are thus held and oonstricted in a layer o! solid- 12. Themethod ot making a brush having iiiable binding material which will wetthe briaspaced rows of bristles the inner ends of which ties, andsolidiiying the binding material ai'ter i 10 are embedded in a facinglayer o! solidified bindit has entered into the immersed portions of thel0 l ing material, which comprises positioning the rows between thelaterally spaced bristles thereof.

bristles in the desired arrangement of spaced rows and holding andconstricting them at a ERNEST B. WRIGHT. Jl. point spaced from theirinner ends a distance GEORGE N. JACOB. Ja.

CERTIFICATE or CORRECTION, Patent No. 2,078,358. Apr-i1 27, 1937.

ERNEST B. WEIGHT, JE., Er AL.

It is hereby certi fied that error appears in the printed specificationof the above `numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5,first column. line 19, claim 4, for "tufts" read assemblages; `and thatthe said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein thatthe same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 29th day of June. A. D. 193'?.

Henry Van Arsdale (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

